Lesson 104 · اِتَّصَلَ
When the ت changes: اِتَّصَلَ, اِصْطَبَرَ, اِزْدَحَمَ
Form VIII اِفْتَعَلَ puts a ت after the first root letter: اِجْتَمَعَ (gather). Next to some letters that ت changes to make the word easier to say. Learn to spot these, because they hide the root: اِتَّصَلَ (contact, call) comes from و ص ل.
Learn with pictures
Tap a picture to hear the sentence.
Examples
اِتَّصَلْتُ بِأَبِيittaṣaltu bi-abiiI called my father.
اِتَّفَقْنَا عَلَى الْمَوْعِدِittafaqnaa ʿala l-mawʿidiWe agreed on the time.
اِزْدَحَمَ الشَّارِعُizdaḥama sh-shaariʿuThe street got crowded.
اِصْطَبِرْ قَلِيلًاiṣṭabir qaliilanBe patient a little. (to a man)
اُضْطُرِرْتُ إِلَى الْعَوْدَةِuḍṭurirtu ila l-ʿawdatiI was forced to go back.
فَهَلْ مِنْ مُدَّكِرٍfa-hal min muddakirinIs there anyone who will take heed? (54:17)
Key points
- After ص, ض, ط and ظ, the ت becomes ط: صَبَرَ → اِصْطَبَرَ be patient · ضَرَبَ → اِضْطَرَبَ be disturbed · ضَرَّ → اِضْطَرَّ force. The Quran: وَأْمُرْ أَهْلَكَ بِالصَّلَاةِ وَاصْطَبِرْ عَلَيْهَا (enjoin prayer on your family and be patient in it, 20:132).
- After د, ذ and ز, the ت becomes د: زَحَمَ → اِزْدَحَمَ be crowded · زَادَ → اِزْدَادَ increase · ذَكَرَ → اِدَّكَرَ remember: فَهَلْ مِنْ مُدَّكِرٍ (is there anyone who will take heed?, 54:17).
- When the first root letter is و, it turns into ت and merges with it as تّ: وَصَلَ → اِتَّصَلَ contact, call · وَفَقَ → اِتَّفَقَ agree · وَحَدَ → اِتَّحَدَ unite. Verbal nouns: اِتِّصَالٌ a call · اِتِّفَاقٌ agreement · اِتِّحَادٌ union.
Practice
Tap a question to see the answer.
Tell a man “Call me tomorrow.”
اِتَّصِلْ بِي غَدًا ittaṣil bii ghadan
Which root is اِزْدَحَمَ from?
ز ح م z ḥ m
The د took the place of the pattern’s ت.
Say “The price went up.” Price: السِّعْرُ.
اِزْدَادَ السِّعْرُ izdaada s-siʿru
