Lesson 85 · مُعَلِّمٌ
Doer and done words from longer verbs: مُعَلِّمٌ, مُرْسَلٌ
In lesson 35 you made كَاتِبٌ (writer) and مَكْتُوبٌ (written) from three-letter verbs. Longer verbs (lessons 49 to 52 and 61) make them from the present tense: change يُـ or يَـ to مُـ. The doer has -i before the last letter, and the thing done to has -a: يُعَلِّمُ → مُعَلِّمٌ (teacher).
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Examples
الْمُعَلِّمُ فِي الْفَصْلِal-muʿallimu fi l-faṣliThe teacher is in the classroom.
أَنَا مُسَافِرٌ إِلَى بَاكِسْتَانَanaa musaafirun ilaa baakistaanaI am travelling to Pakistan.
الطَّالِبُ مُجْتَهِدٌaṭ-ṭaalibu mujtahidunThe student is hard-working.
هٰذِهِ سَيَّارَةٌ مُسْتَعْمَلَةٌhaadhihi sayyaaratun mustaʿmalatunThis is a used car.
الرِّسَالَةُ مُرْسَلَةٌ مِنَ الْمُدِيرِar-risaalatu mursalatun mina l-mudiiriThe letter is sent by the manager.
الْمُسْتَشْفَى قَرِيبٌal-mustashfaa qariibunThe hospital is near.
Key points
- Doers: عَلَّمَ → مُعَلِّمٌ teacher · سَافَرَ → مُسَافِرٌ traveller · أَسْلَمَ → مُسْلِمٌ Muslim · تَقَدَّمَ → مُتَقَدِّمٌ advanced · اِجْتَهَدَ → مُجْتَهِدٌ hard-working · اِسْتَقْبَلَ → مُسْتَقْبِلٌ receiver.
- Change the -i to -a for the person or thing the action is done to: مُرْسِلٌ sender, مُرْسَلٌ sent · مُسْتَعْمِلٌ user, مُسْتَعْمَلٌ used · مُحْتَرِمٌ respectful, مُحْتَرَمٌ respected: الْأُسْتَاذُ الْمُحْتَرَمُ (the respected teacher).
- The same -a shape can also name a place: مُسْتَشْفًى (hospital, where you seek a cure) · مُصَلًّى (prayer area) · مُلْتَقًى (meeting place). You will see many of these on signs in Saudi Arabia.
Practice
Tap a question to see the answer.
From سَاعَدَ (help), make “helper”.
مُسَاعِدٌ musaaʿidun
From اِسْتَعْمَلَ (use), make “used”.
مُسْتَعْمَلٌ mustaʿmalun
Say “The (women) teachers are hard-working.”
الْمُعَلِّمَاتُ مُجْتَهِدَاتٌ al-muʿallimaatu mujtahidaatun
